Compress and Decompress Files and Directories (Linux): Unterschied zwischen den Versionen
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== | == Compress == | ||
=== How Compress directories === | |||
Unlike <code>zip</code>, <code>gzip</code> functions as a compression algorithm ''only''. | Unlike <code>zip</code>, <code>gzip</code> functions as a compression algorithm ''only''. | ||
Because of various reasons some of which hearken back to the era of tape drives, Unix uses a program named <code>tar</code> to archive data, which can then be compressed with a compression program like <code>gzip</code>, <code>bzip2</code>, <code>7zip</code>, etc. | Because of various reasons some of which hearken back to the era of tape drives, Unix uses a program named <code>tar</code> to archive data, which can then be compressed with a compression program like <code>gzip</code>, <code>bzip2</code>, <code>7zip</code>, etc. | ||
In order to "zip" a directory, the correct command would be | In order to "zip" a directory, the correct command would be: | ||
tar -zcvf archive.tar.gz directory/ | |||
This will tell <code>tar</code> to '''c''' (create) an archive from the files in ''<code>directory</code>'' (<code>tar</code> is recursive by default), compress it using the '''z''' (gzip) algorithm, store the output as a '''f''' (file) named ''<code>archive.tar.gz</code>'', and '''v'''(verbosely) list (on /dev/stderr so it doesn't affect piped commands) all the files it adds to the archive. | This will tell <code>tar</code> to '''c''' (create) an archive from the files in ''<code>directory</code>'' (<code>tar</code> is recursive by default), compress it using the '''z''' (gzip) algorithm, store the output as a '''f''' (file) named ''<code>archive.tar.gz</code>'', and '''v'''(verbosely) list (on /dev/stderr so it doesn't affect piped commands) all the files it adds to the archive. | ||
The <code>tar</code> command offers <code>gzip</code> support (via the <code>-z</code> flag) purely for your convenience. The <code>gzip</code>command/lib is completely separate. The command above is effectively the same as | The <code>tar</code> command offers <code>gzip</code> support (via the <code>-z</code> flag) purely for your convenience. The <code>gzip</code>command/lib is completely separate. | ||
To decompress and unpack the archive into the current directory you would use | The command above is effectively the same as: | ||
tar -cv directory | gzip > archive.tar.gz | |||
That command is effectively the same as | To decompress and unpack the archive into the current directory you would use: | ||
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz | |||
That command is effectively the same as: | |||
gunzip < archive.tar.gz | tar -xv | |||
<code>tar</code> has many, many, MANY other options and uses as well; I heartily recommend reading through its manpage sometime. | <code>tar</code> has many, many, MANY other options and uses as well; I heartily recommend reading through its manpage sometime. | ||
tar -zcvf archive-name.tar.gz directory-name | |||
== | == Decompress == | ||
=== tar === | |||
tar xfv foo.tar.gz | tar xfv foo.tar.gz | ||
tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 | tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 | ||
tar -xvJf foo.tar.xy | tar -xvJf foo.tar.xy | ||
tar -xvJf foo.tar.xz | tar -xvJf foo.tar.xz | ||
=== bzip === | |||
bunzip2 foo.tar.bz2 | bunzip2 foo.tar.bz2 | ||
=== zip === | |||
unzip foo.zip | |||
=== gunzip === | |||
gunzip foo.log.1.gz # Decompress file and delete gz file | |||
gunzip -k foo.log.1.gz # Decompress file and preserve gz file | |||
gunzip -N foo.log.1.gz # Decompress file and preserve original timestamps and delete gz file | |||
Further reading: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-gzip-and-keep-original-file-on-unix-or-linux-command-line/ | |||
[[Kategorie:Linux]] | [[Kategorie:Linux]] | ||
[[Kategorie:Terminal]] | [[Kategorie:Terminal]] | ||
Aktuelle Version vom 20. September 2025, 14:50 Uhr
Compress
How Compress directories
Unlike zip, gzip functions as a compression algorithm only.
Because of various reasons some of which hearken back to the era of tape drives, Unix uses a program named tar to archive data, which can then be compressed with a compression program like gzip, bzip2, 7zip, etc.
In order to "zip" a directory, the correct command would be:
tar -zcvf archive.tar.gz directory/
This will tell tar to c (create) an archive from the files in directory (tar is recursive by default), compress it using the z (gzip) algorithm, store the output as a f (file) named archive.tar.gz, and v(verbosely) list (on /dev/stderr so it doesn't affect piped commands) all the files it adds to the archive.
The tar command offers gzip support (via the -z flag) purely for your convenience. The gzipcommand/lib is completely separate.
The command above is effectively the same as:
tar -cv directory | gzip > archive.tar.gz
To decompress and unpack the archive into the current directory you would use:
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz
That command is effectively the same as:
gunzip < archive.tar.gz | tar -xv
tar has many, many, MANY other options and uses as well; I heartily recommend reading through its manpage sometime.
tar -zcvf archive-name.tar.gz directory-name
Decompress
tar
tar xfv foo.tar.gz tar -xjf foo.tar.bz2 tar -xvJf foo.tar.xy tar -xvJf foo.tar.xz
bzip
bunzip2 foo.tar.bz2
zip
unzip foo.zip
gunzip
gunzip foo.log.1.gz # Decompress file and delete gz file gunzip -k foo.log.1.gz # Decompress file and preserve gz file gunzip -N foo.log.1.gz # Decompress file and preserve original timestamps and delete gz file
Further reading: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-gzip-and-keep-original-file-on-unix-or-linux-command-line/
