ABAP Objects Basics Tutorial

Nachfolgender Artikel enhält die Programmcodes, die aus dem ABAP Objects Basic Guided Tutorial von SAP (https://archive.sap.com/documents/docs/DOC-10394) entstanden sind.

UML Klassendiagramm

Die in dem Tutorial entwickelten Klassen stellen sich in einem UML Klassendiagramm wie folgt dar:

Klassen

ZCL_VEHICLE_MO

*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       CLASS ZCL_VEHICLE_MO DEFINITION
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
class ZCL_VEHICLE_MO definition
  public
  create public .

public section.

  interfaces ZIF_STATUS_MO .

  aliases SHOW
    for ZIF_STATUS_MO~SHOW .

  methods CONSTRUCTOR .
  methods SPEED_UP
    importing
      !STEP type I
    raising
      ZCX_OVERHEATING_MO .
  methods STOP .
  PROTECTED SECTION.

    DATA speed TYPE i .
    DATA max_speed TYPE i VALUE 50.   "#EC NOTEXT .  .  .           " .
  PRIVATE SECTION.

    DATA id TYPE i .
    CLASS-DATA object_count TYPE i .
ENDCLASS.



CLASS ZCL_VEHICLE_MO IMPLEMENTATION.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_VEHICLE_MO->CONSTRUCTOR
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
  METHOD constructor.
    object_count = object_count + 1.
    id = object_count.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "CONSTRUCTOR


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_VEHICLE_MO->SPEED_UP
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] STEP                           TYPE        I
* | [!CX!] ZCX_OVERHEATING_MO
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
  METHOD speed_up.
    speed = speed + step.

    IF speed > max_speed.
      RAISE EXCEPTION TYPE zcx_overheating_mo.
    ENDIF.

  ENDMETHOD.                    "SPEED_UP


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_VEHICLE_MO->STOP
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
  METHOD stop.
    speed = 0.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "stop


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_VEHICLE_MO->ZIF_STATUS_MO~SHOW
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
  METHOD zif_status_mo~show.
    DATA msg TYPE string.
    msg = `Vehicle ` && |{ id }| &&
          `, Speed = ` && |{ speed }| &&
          `, Max-Speed = ` && |{ max_speed }| .
    MESSAGE msg TYPE 'I'.
  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

ZCL_TRUCK_MO - erbt von ZCL_VEHICLE_MO

class ZCL_TRUCK_MO definition
  public
  inheriting from ZCL_VEHICLE_MO
  final
  create public .

public section.

  methods CONSTRUCTOR .

  methods SHOW
    redefinition .
protected section.
private section.
ENDCLASS.



CLASS ZCL_TRUCK_MO IMPLEMENTATION.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_TRUCK_MO->CONSTRUCTOR
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
METHOD constructor.
  super->constructor( ).
  max_speed = 100.
ENDMETHOD.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Private Method ZCL_TRUCK_MO->SHOW
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
  METHOD show.
    DATA msg TYPE string.
    msg = `Truck ` &&
          `, Speed = ` && |{ speed }| &&
          `, Max Speed = ` && |{ max_speed }|.
    MESSAGE msg TYPE 'I'.
  ENDMETHOD.                    "show
ENDCLASS.

ZCL_SHIP_MO - Definiert Ereignis

class ZCL_SHIP_MO definition
  public
  inheriting from ZCL_VEHICLE_MO
  final
  create public .

public section.

  data NAME type STRING .

  events DAMAGED .

  methods CONSTRUCTOR
    importing
      !NAME type STRING .

  methods SHOW
    redefinition .
  methods SPEED_UP
    redefinition .
protected section.
private section.
ENDCLASS.



CLASS ZCL_SHIP_MO IMPLEMENTATION.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_SHIP_MO->CONSTRUCTOR
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] NAME                           TYPE        STRING
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
METHOD constructor.
  super->constructor( ).
  max_speed = 30.
  me->name = name.
ENDMETHOD.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Private Method ZCL_SHIP_MO->SHOW
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
METHOD show.
*CALL METHOD SUPER->SHOW
*    .
  DATA msg TYPE string.
  msg = me->name &&
        `, Speed = ` && |{ speed }| &&
        `, Max Speed = ` && |{ max_speed }|.
  MESSAGE msg TYPE 'I'.
ENDMETHOD.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_SHIP_MO->SPEED_UP
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] STEP                           TYPE        I
* | [!CX!] ZCX_OVERHEATING_MO
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
METHOD speed_up.
*CALL METHOD SUPER->SPEED_UP
*  EXPORTING
*    STEP   =
*    .

  speed = speed + step.

  IF speed > max_speed.
    max_speed = 0.
    CALL METHOD stop.
    RAISE EVENT damaged.
  ENDIF.


ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

ZCL_HELICOPTER_MO - Empfängt Ereignis

class ZCL_HELICOPTER_MO definition
  public
  final
  create public .

public section.

  interfaces ZIF_STATUS_MO .

  aliases SHOW
    for ZIF_STATUS_MO~SHOW .

  methods RECEIVE
    for event DAMAGED of ZCL_SHIP_MO
    importing
      !SENDER .
protected section.
private section.
ENDCLASS.



CLASS ZCL_HELICOPTER_MO IMPLEMENTATION.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_HELICOPTER_MO->RECEIVE
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | [--->] SENDER                         LIKE
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
METHOD receive.
  DATA msg TYPE string.
  msg = `Helicopter received call from ` && sender->name.
  MESSAGE msg TYPE 'I'.
ENDMETHOD.


* <SIGNATURE>---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* | Instance Public Method ZCL_HELICOPTER_MO->ZIF_STATUS_MO~SHOW
* +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
* +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</SIGNATURE>
METHOD zif_status_mo~show.
  DATA msg TYPE string.
  msg = 'Helicopter, idle'.
  MESSAGE msg TYPE 'I'.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

ZCX_OVERHEATING_MO

Ausnahmeklasse für TRY-CATCH-Kontrollstruktur.

ZCL_APPLICATION_MO - Startet und nutzt Klassen

METHOD start.
  DATA: lr_status TYPE REF TO zif_status_mo,
        lt_status LIKE TABLE OF lr_status,
        lr_truck TYPE REF TO zcl_truck_mo,
        lr_ship TYPE REF TO zcl_ship_mo,
        lr_heli TYPE REF TO zcl_helicopter_mo.

  CREATE OBJECT:
  lr_truck,
  lr_ship EXPORTING name = 'Titanic',
  lr_heli.

  APPEND:
  lr_truck TO lt_status,
  lr_ship TO lt_status,
  lr_heli TO lt_status.

  SET HANDLER lr_heli->receive FOR ALL INSTANCES.

  TRY.
      lr_truck->speed_up( 30 ).
      lr_ship->speed_up( 10 ).

      LOOP AT lt_status INTO lr_status.
        lr_status->show( ).
      ENDLOOP.

      DO 5 TIMES.
        lr_ship->speed_up( 10 ).
      ENDDO.

      DO 5 TIMES.
        lr_truck->speed_up( 30 ).
        lr_truck->show( ).
      ENDDO.
    CATCH zcx_overheating_mo.
      MESSAGE 'Truck overheated' TYPE 'I'.
      EXIT.
  ENDTRY.
ENDMETHOD.

Interface ZIF_STATUS_MO

interface ZIF_STATUS_MO
  public .


  methods SHOW .
endinterface.